Pump or compressor.



PATBNTED AUG. 29, 1905.

M. W. HALL. PUMP 0R COMPRESSOR. APPLICATION rum? MA1L4, 1904.

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No. 798,506. 1 PATENTED AUG. 29, 1905. M. W. HALL.

PUMP OR COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.. 4. 1904.

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MILAN WV. HALL, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

PUMP on COMPRESSOR.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 29, 1905.

Application filed March 4:, 1904. Serial No. 196,522.

To all whom t nung concern..-

Be'it known that I, MILAN W HALL, a ci tizen.

of the United States of America, and a resident of Brooklyn, county ofKings, State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Pumps or Compressors, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forminga part thereof.

My invention relates to improvementsin pumps or compressors, andparticularly to pumps or compressors of the reciprocating type designedto be operated by rotary motors. In pumps or compressors of this type sooperated it is desirable to balance the pump or compressor as much aspossible as to resistance during all parts of the stroke; otherwise theefficiency of the pump -is impaired and undue wear results. Adouble-acting pump has the advantage over a single-acting pump in thisrespect, and a duplex double-acting pump in which the operating cranksor eccentrics are set at right angles to each other approaches verynearly the ideal conditions, as in such form of pump the resistance isvery nearly balanced through all parts of a revolution thereof. A duplexdouble-acting pump of the reciprocating type,however, is usually quitecomplicated and employs a number of inlet and discharge valves. It isthe main object of my present invention to simplify pumps of this typeand to reduce and simplify the valve system.

My invention also consists in certain novel details of construction andcombination of parts, including certain novel Jfeatures in the drivingmechanism and connections, as will be more fully pointed outhereinafter.

I will now proceed to describe a pump or compressor embodying myinvention and will then point out the novel features in claims.

In the drawings, lFigure 1 is a view, partially in side elevation andpartially in central vertical section, of a pump or compressor embodyingmy invention, line an electric motor in driving relation therewith. Fig.2 is a view in central vertical section of the same, the point of viewbeing at right angles to the point of view of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detailview, in vertical section, of certain parts, the plane of section beingtaken substantially upon the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4L is a detailview, in vertical section, showing the somewhat different form of valveemployed when the device 1s used as a compressor instead of a pump.

Fig. 5 is a detail view showing in dotted outillustrating certain meansemployed for lubricating the driving-shaft bearings.

In the form of my invention illustrated herein a bed 1 is provided, oneportion of which comprises a hollow box-like casing 2, which serves as asupport for the pump proper and as an oil-reservoir and the otherportion of which constitutes a bed-plate for an electric or other motor.

Supported upon the casing 2 is an intermediate section 3, whichintermediate section serves in turn to support pump or compressorcylinders 11 4i. The upper ends of the cylinders I are closed by caps orcovers 5.

Mounted in the cylinders I I are differential pistons 6, the saidpistons each comprising two heads, an upper head 7 and a lower head 8,the upper head 7 being of larger diameter than the lower head 8. The twopiston-heads 7 and 8 are mounted in and fitted to corresponding portionsof the cylinders 1, as will be seen by reference to the drawings. Eachpiston has secured thereto a piston-rod 9, which piston-rod passesthrough astuiiingbox 10, supported at and closing the lower end of thecylinders 11, and is connected at its lower end to a cross-head 11,mounted to reciprocate in suitable slide-bearings 12 in the.

intermediate casing-sections 3. The lower ends of the cross-heads 11 arearranged to enter the oil-reservoir at the lowermostpoint of theirstrokes, so as to receive oil for lubricating purposes, and the upperends of the crossheads are provided with circular grooves 34:, havingdischarge-gullies 35, whereby any water which leaks past thestuffing-boxes 10 may be caught and discharged by the cross-heads towardthe uppermost ends of their' strokes. Oonnectingrods 13 connect thecross-heads with crank-pins or eccentrics 14E, rigidly secured to thepum p-shaft 15. The pump-shaft 15 is journaled in suitable bearings 16,dependent from the lower face of the intermediate casing-section 3 andinclosed within the box-like casing portion 2 of the bed 1. Thepump-shaft 15 carries a worm-wheel 17, which is rigidly secured thereto,said worm-wheel engaged by a worm 18, carried by a shaft 19, journaledin suitable bearings 20, carried by the intermediate casing-section 3.The wormshaft 18 and bearings 20 are provided with thrust-collars 21, bywhich longitudinal thrust of the worm-shaft 18 is resisted. One end ofthe shaft 18 projects through the box-like casing 2 of the bed 1 and isarranged to be connected by a suitable shaft connection 22 or IIO otherdevice, as may be desired, with the driving-shaft of an electric orother motor 23. rlhis electric motor, being supported upon the bed-plateportion of the bed 1, will readily be maintained in proper drivingrelation with the worm-shaft 18. The bearings 16 are provided with openrecesses 36, arranged to receive and hold oil, and channels 37 act asfeeders between said recesses and the bearingfaces ofthethrust-bearings, as clearly shown in Fig. 5.

The worm` worm-wheel, crank-shaft, and lower ends of the connecting-rodsbeing contained in the box-like casing 2, may be immersed wholly or inpart in oil contained within the box-like casing 2, said casing being ofsuch form as' to act as a reservoir or holder for the oil and to preventits escape.

The differential pistons 6 are each formed with passages runninglongitudinally therethrough and are each provided with a valve 24,arranged to control said passage. The upper ends of the cylinders 4 areeach provided with heads 25, which heads have passages therethrough, andvalves 26, carried by said heads for controlling such passage. Thevalves 24, carried by the pistons, act as inletvalves, while the valves26, carried by the heads 25, act as discharge or check valves. Theinlet-chamber for the pump is arranged in the intermediatecasing-section 3 at 27, an inlet-pipe 28 being arranged to connect withsaid inlet-chamber. The discharge for the pump comprises a chamberincluding passages 29 in the cylinder-castings 4 and a space 30,contained within the intermediate casing-section 3. The upper ends ofthe cylinders 4 discharge through their heads 25 past the valves 26 into the passages 29 of the dischargechamber, and ports 31, arranged inthe walls which divide the upper and lower portions of the cylinders 4,and hence lead from the lower end of the larger portions of the saidcylinders, also discharge into the discharge-passages 29. A pipe 32,connecting with the space 30, carries away the liquid discharged.

The operation of the device is as follows: Upon an upward stroke ofeither of the pistons 6 water or other fluid is drawn from theinlet-chamber 27 through one of the ports or passages 33 into the lowerend of the cylinder 4, or that portion thereof which has the smallerdiameter. At the same time water contained in the larger bore of thecylinder 4 above the larger piston-head is forced up through thecylinder-head 25 and past the valve 26 (which is at such time opened bythe -pressure of water) into the discharge-passage 29. Whilesubstantially the entire quantity of water contained in the cylinder 4above the piston-head 7 will be discharged past the valve 26, a certainpercentage thereof will be carried up through the passage 31 into thelower end of the larger portion of the cylinder 4 beneath the largerpiston-head 5. The

amount of fluid actually delivered, therefore, during an upward strokeof the piston will be an amount proportional only to the area of thesmaller piston-head-that is, equal to its area multiplied by the lengthof its stroke. rlhese piston-heads may conveniently have an area oneabout twice as large as the other. Hence one half only of the volumedischarged during an upward stroke of the piston will be actuallydelivered to receiver, the other half being received back into thatportion of the upper section of the cylinder beneath the lower side ofthe upper piston-head 7. This portion will be returned again through theport or passage 31 into the passage 29 to delivery during the return ordownward movement of the piston, and thus finally discharged. Initsdownward stroke the piston will permit the passage therethrough and pastits valve 24 of water to the upper end of the larger portion of thecylinder 4 sufficient to replace the wvater discharged from saidlupperend in the previous upward stroke of the piston, the lowering ofpressure below atmospheric pressure in the upper end of the cylinder4above the piston-head 7, which takes place immediately the pistonbegins to descend, closing the discharge-valve 26, opening the valve 24,and drawing water therethrough.

The amount of water lifted from the inletchamber 27 through the passage33 will be about equal (in a pump proportioned as above stated) for eachmovement of the piston in either one direction or the other, thisbecause in its upward movement water is drawn up to lill the area of thesmaller portion of the cylinder, while in its downward movementadditional water must be drawn up so that the amount will fill the areaof the larger portion of the cylinder.

By reason of the foregoing it will be seen that while each cylinder hasbut a single discharge and a single inlet-valve each` cylinder isdouble-acting-that is to say, it delivers iiuid during movements of thepistons in both directions. The cranks or eccentrics 14 being set atright angles to each other upon the operating-shaft 15, the device willbe substantially uniformly balanced as to resistance throughout everypart of its cycle of operation.

It will further be seen that the driving connections are exceedinglysimple, and the reduction of speed from the high-speed motor tocomparatively low speed required for the pump is effected by thesimpleuse of a worm IOO and wheel, the thrust upon the worm being takenup by suitable thrust-bearings. It will be understood, of course, thatany form of motor may be employed for running the pump, such asanelectric motor, turbine, or other rotary engine, Sac. The pump casingvor bed being provided with a portion adapted to support the motor fordriving the pump, enables the motor and pump to be maintalncd in properdriving relation without an ytrouble,

while the form of casing employed enables the driving parts to bethoroughly lubricated and protected from injury and wear.

Then the device is to be used as a compressor, the construction of thevalves Will be changed to such a form, for instance, as is shown in Fig.4, the object in such instance being to reduce clearance-spaces to aminimum. Then pumping liquids, the form of valve shown in Fig. 2 is moredesirable, being simpler' in construction and cheaper to manufacture.

That I claim is- 1. In a double-acting pump or compressor, thecombination with a differential cylinderl and a reciprocating pistonhaving differential heads [itted thereto, and having a passagetherethrough from one end to the other, of a suction-valve carried bythe piston and controlling said passage, and a discharge-valve fitted tothe cylinder', the cylinder at the rear of the larger piston-head beingOpen freely to discharge.

2. In a pump or compressor, the combination with a cylinder havingdifferential bores, of a differential piston fitted to said bores, saidpiston having` a passage therethrough, a valve carried by said pistoncontrolling said passage, a discharg'e-valve controlling discharge fromthe forward end of the larger cylinderbore, said cylinder provided withan inlet-passage leading tothe rear end of the smaller bore thereof atthe rear of the smaller head of said differential piston, and a passagethrough the wall of the c vlinder separating the difierential bores,connecting the rear end of the larger cylinder-bore at the rear of thelarger piston-head, with discharge.

3. In a pump or compressor, the combination with a cylinder having twobores, one of larger diameter than the other, of a differential pistonhaving two heads fitted to the said bores, said cylinder provided withan inletpassage at the rear end of the smaller bore, a discharge-passageat the forward end of said larger bore, and a port or passage leadingfrom discharge to the rear end of said larger bore, a discharge-valvecontrolling the discharge-passage through the forward end of thelargercylin drical bore, and a valve carried by said piston, said pistonprovided with a passage therethrough controlled by said valve.

4. In a pump or compressor, the combination with a frame or bedcomprising a boxlike casing inclosing a chamber adapted to receive andretain lubricating-oil, and a casingsection supported by said box-likecasing, of a pump-shaft arranged within said box-like casing butjournaled in bearings dependent from said casing-section, saidcasing-section also provided with cross-head bearings, andpump-cylinders supported by said easing-section.

5. In a pump or compressor, the combination with a frame or bedcomprising a boX- like casing inclosing a chamber adapted to receive andretain lubricating-oil, and a casingsection supported by said box-likecasing` of a pump-shaft arranged within said box-like casing, butjournaled in bearings dependent from said casing-section` a worm-wheelmounted upon said pump-shaft, a worm engaging said worm-wheel, adrive-shaft carrying said worm and mounted in bearings transverse of thepump-shaft bearings, thrustbearings therefor, including a plurality ofannular recesses and flanges upon the drive-shaft, fitted thereto,pump-cylinders `supported by said casing-section, and pistons in saidcylinders, connected to, and operated by, said pump- Shaft.

6. In a duplex double-acting pump or compressor, the combination with aframe or bed comprising a hollow box-like casing Q and a bed-plateextension for supporting a motor, and an intermediate casing-sectionsupported by said box-like casing, said intermdiate casing sectionhaving inlet and exhaust chambers Q7 and 30, and provided withcross-head bearings 12, of two separate cylinders 4, 4, secured to andsupported by said intermediate casing-section, said cylinders eachcontaining differential cylindrical bores and passages connecting withsaid inlet and discharge chambers, differential pistons 6 fitted to saidcylinders, piston-rods 9 secured to said pistons, cross-heads 11 securedto the opposite ends of said piston-rods and mounted in the cross-headbearings 12, a pump-shaft 15 arranged in the box-like casing 2, bearings16 therefor securedto and dependent from the intermediate casing-section8, crank-pins or eccentrics 14 carried by said shaft 15, said crank-pinsor eccentrics arranged at right angles to each other, connecting-rods 13connecting said crank-pins or eccentrics with said cross-heads ll, aworm-wheel 17 mounted upon said pump-shaft 15, a drive-shaft 19, a worm18 thereon engaging said worm-wheel 17, bearings 2O for saiddrive-shaft, and thrustcollars ZI between said bearings and saiddrive-shaft, the end of said drive-shaft projecting laterally from saidbox-like casing in the direction of the bed-plate extension.

7. In a pump or compressor, the combination with a vertically-arrangedpump-cylinder, a piston, a piston-rod, a cross-head, andvertically-arranged slide-bearings for the said cross-head, saidcross-head provided with an open-sided circular recess and a gullyleading' from said recess to the exterior face thereof, of meansconnected with said cross-head for reciprocating same.

8. In a pump or compressor, the combination with a frame or bedcomprising a boxlike casing inclosing a chamber adapted to receive andretain lubricating-oil, and a casingsection supported by said box-likecasing, of a pump-shaft arranged Within said box-like casing, butjournaled in bearings dependent IOO from said intermediatecasing-section, a Worrnwheel mounted upon said pump-shaft, a worinengaging said Worm-Wheel, a drive-shaft carrying said Worm and mountedin bearings transverse of the pump-shaft, thrust-bearings therefor,comprising' a plurality of ooengaging shoulders, said bearings providedwith recesses open to the interior of said box-like casing, and hollowfeed-channels leading from IO said recesses to Various points in saidthrustbearings at different distances from the axis thereof,pump-cylinders supported by said casing-section, and pistons in saidcylinders connected to and operated by said pump-shaft.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set rny I5 hand this 2d day of March,1904.

MILAN W. HALL..

Witnesses:

C. F. CARINGTON, C. L. HALL.

